Backend Lists

#Introduction

The List behavior is a controller behavior used for managing lists of records on a page. The behavior provides the sortable and searchable list with optional links for each of its records. The behavior provides the controller action index; however the list can be rendered anywhere and multiple list definitions can be used.

The list behavior depends on list column definitions and a model class. In order to use the List behavior you should add the \Backend\Behaviors\ListController::class definition to the $implement property of the controller class.

namespace Acme\Blog\Controllers;

class Categories extends \Backend\Classes\Controller
{
    /**
     * @var array List of behaviors implemented by this controller
     */
    public $implement = [
        \Backend\Behaviors\ListController::class,
    ];
}

NOTE: Very often the list and form behaviors are used together in a same controller.

#Configuring the list behavior

The List behaviour will load its configuration in the YAML format from a config_list.yaml file located in the controller's views directory (plugins/myauthor/myplugin/controllers/mycontroller/config_list.yaml) by default.

This can be changed by overriding the $listConfig property on your controller to reference a different filename or a full configuration array:

public $listConfig = 'my_custom_list_config.yaml';

Below is an example of a typical List behavior configuration file:

# ===================================
#  List Behavior Config
# ===================================

title: Blog Posts
list: ~/plugins/acme/blog/models/post/columns.yaml
modelClass: Acme\Blog\Models\Post
recordUrl: acme/blog/posts/update/:id
recordsPerPage: 20

The following fields are required in the list configuration file:

The configuration options listed below are optional.

#Adding a toolbar

To include a toolbar with the list, add the following configuration to the list configuration YAML file:

toolbar:
    buttons: list_toolbar
    search:
        prompt: Find records

The toolbar configuration allows:

The search configuration supports the following options:

The toolbar buttons partial referred above should contain the toolbar control definition with some buttons. The partial could also contain a scoreboard control with charts. Example of a toolbar partial with the New Post button referring to the create action provided by the form behavior:

<div data-control="toolbar">
    <a
        href="<?= Backend::url('acme/blog/posts/create') ?>"
        class="btn btn-primary wn-icon-plus">New Post</a>
</div>

#Filtering the list

To filter a list by user defined input, add the following list configuration to the YAML file:

filter: config_filter.yaml

The filter option should make reference to a filter configuration file path or supply an array with the configuration.

#Defining list columns

List columns are defined with the YAML file. The column configuration is used by the list behavior for creating the record table and displaying model columns in the table cells. The file is placed to a subdirectory of the models directory of a plugin. The subdirectory name matches the model class name written in lowercase. The file name doesn't matter, but the columns.yaml and list_columns.yaml are common names. Example list columns file location:

plugins/
`-- acme/
    `-- blog/
        `-- models/                # Plugin models directory
            |-- post/              # Model configuration directory
            |   `-- columns.yaml   # Model list columns config file
            `-- Post.php           # model class

The next example shows the typical contents of a list column definitions file.

# ===================================
#  List Column Definitions
# ===================================

columns:
    name: Name
    email: Email

#Column options

For each column can specify these options (where applicable):

#Custom value selection

It is possible to change the source and display values for each column. If you want to source the column value that is actually displayed from another model attribute (or even a relationship's attribute) you can do so with the valueFrom option.

other_name:
    label: Something Great
    valueFrom: name

#Nested column selection

In some cases it makes sense to retrieve a column value from a nested data structure, such as a model relationship column or a jsonable array. The only drawback of doing this is the column cannot be marked as searchable or sortable as those options require the column to actually exist in the database table.

content[title]:
    name: Title
    sortable: false

The above example would look for the value in PHP equivalent of $record->content->title or $record->content['title'] respectively. If you need to make the column searchable or sortable, you could use model events to locally replicate the nested value onto a real database table column whenever it changes.

#Available column types

There are various column types that can be used for the type setting, these control how the list column is displayed. In addition to the native column types specified below, you may also define custom column types.

#Text

text - displays a text column, aligned left

full_name:
    label: Full Name
    type: text

You can also specify a custom text format, for example Admin:Full Name (active)

full_name:
    label: Full Name
    type: text
    format: Admin:%s (active)

#Image

image - displays an image using the built in image resizing functionality.

avatar:
    label: Avatar
    type: image
    sortable: false
    width: 150
    height: 150
    default: '/modules/backend/assets/images/logo.svg'
    options:
        quality: 80

See the image resizing docs for more information on what image sources are supported and what options are supported

#Number

number - displays a number column, aligned right

age:
    label: Age
    type: number

You can also specify a custom number format, for example currency $ 99.00

price:
    label: Price
    type: number
    format: $ %.2f

NOTE: Both text and number columns support the format property, this property follows the formatting rules of the PHP sprintf() function. Value must be a string.

#Switch

switch - displays a on or off state for boolean columns.

enabled:
    label: Enabled
    type: switch

#Date & Time

datetime - displays the column value as a formatted date and time. The next example displays dates as Thu, Dec 25, 1975 2:15 PM.

created_at:
    label: Date
    type: datetime

You can also specify a custom date format, for example Thursday 25th of December 1975 02:15:16 PM:

created_at:
    label: Date
    type: datetime
    format: l jS \of F Y h:i:s A

You may also wish to set ignoreTimezone: true to prevent a timezone conversion between the date that is displayed and the date stored in the database, since by default the backend timezone preference is applied to the display value.

created_at:
    label: Date
    type: datetime
    ignoreTimezone: true

NOTE: the ignoreTimezone option also applies to other date and time related field types, including date, time, timesince and timetense.

#Date

date - displays the column value as date format M j, Y

created_at:
    label: Date
    type: date

#Time

time - displays the column value as time format g:i A

created_at:
    label: Date
    type: time

#Time since

timesince - displays a human readable time difference from the value to the current time. Eg: 10 minutes ago

created_at:
    label: Date
    type: timesince

#Time tense

timetense - displays 24-hour time and the day using the grammatical tense of the current date. Eg: Today at 12:49, Yesterday at 4:00 or 18 Sep 2015 at 14:33.

created_at:
    label: Date
    type: timetense

#Select

select - allows to create a column using a custom select statement. Any valid SQL SELECT statement works here.

full_name:
    label: Full Name
    select: concat(first_name, ' ', last_name)

#Relation

relation - allows to display related columns, you can provide a relationship option. The value of this option has to be the name of the Active Record relationship on your model. In the next example the name value will be translated to the name attribute found in the related model (eg: $model->name).

group:
    label: Group
    relation: groups
    select: name

It is possible the apply conditions to filter the returned results of the relation using the conditions property. Given the following structure:

Entries:
- id
- created_at

EntryData:
- entry_id
- key
- value

You can display the individual EntryData records as separate columns in the list widget by using the following configuration:

id:
    label: ID
created_at:
    label: Created at
_entry_field_email:
    label: Email
    relation: entry_data
    select: value
    conditions: "`key` = 'email'"

To display a column that shows the number of related records, use the useRelationCount option.

users_count:
    label: Users
    relation: users
    useRelationCount: true

NOTE: Using the relation option on a column will load the value from the selected column into the attribute specified by this column. It is recommended that you name the column displaying the relation data without conflicting with existing model attributes as demonstrated in the examples below:

Best Practice:

group_name:
    label: Group
    relation: group
    select: name

Poor Practice:

# This will overwrite the value of $record->group_id which will break accessing relations from the list view
group_id:
    label: Group
    relation: group
    select: name

#Partial

partial - renders a partial, the path value can refer to a partial view file otherwise the column name is used as the partial name. Inside the partial these variables are available: $value is the default cell value, $record is the model used for the cell and $column is the configured class object Backend\Classes\ListColumn.

content:
    label: Content
    type: partial
    path: ~/plugins/acme/blog/models/comment/_content_column.php

#Color Picker

colorpicker - displays a color from colorpicker column

color:
    label: Background
    type: colorpicker

#Displaying the list

Usually lists are displayed in the index view file. Since lists include the toolbar, the view file will consist solely of the single listRender method call.

<?= $this->listRender() ?>

#Multiple list definitions

The list behavior can support multiple lists in the same controller using named definitions. The $listConfig property can be defined as an array where the key is a definition name and the value is the configuration file.

public $listConfig = [
    'templates' => 'config_templates_list.yaml',
    'layouts' => 'config_layouts_list.yaml'
];

Each definition can then be displayed by passing the definition name as the first argument when calling the listRender method:

<?= $this->listRender('templates') ?>

#Using list filters

Lists can be filtered by adding a filter definition to the list configuration. Similarly filters are driven by their own configuration file that contain filter scopes, each scope is an aspect by which the list can be filtered. The next example shows a typical contents of the filter definition file.

# ===================================
# Filter Scope Definitions
# ===================================

scopes:

    category:
        label: Category
        modelClass: Acme\Blog\Models\Category
        conditions: category_id in (:filtered)
        nameFrom: name

    status:
        label: Status
        type: group
        conditions: status in (:filtered)
        options:
            pending: Pending
            active: Active
            closed: Closed

    published:
        label: Hide published
        type: checkbox
        default: 1
        conditions: is_published <> true

    approved:
        label: Approved
        type: switch
        default: 2
        conditions:
            - is_approved <> true
            - is_approved = true

    created_at:
        label: Date
        type: date
        conditions: created_at >= ':filtered'

    published_at:
        label: Date
        type: daterange
        conditions: created_at >= ':after' AND created_at <= ':before'

#Scope options

For each scope you can specify these options (where applicable):

#Filter Dependencies

Filter scopes can declare dependencies on other scopes by defining the dependsOn scope option, which provide a server-side solution for updating scopes when their dependencies are modified. When the scopes that are declared as dependencies change, the defining scope will update dynamically. This provides an opportunity to change the available options to be provided to the scope.

country:
    label: Country
    type: group
    conditions: country_id in (:filtered)
    modelClass: Winter\Test\Models\Location
    options: getCountryOptions

city:
    label: City
    type: group
    conditions: city_id in (:filtered)
    modelClass: Winter\Test\Models\Location
    options: getCityOptions
    dependsOn: country

In the above example, the city scope will refresh when the country scope has changed. Any scope that defines the dependsOn property will be passed all current scope objects for the Filter widget, including their current values, as an array that is keyed by the scope names.

public function getCountryOptions()
{
    return Country::lists('name', 'id');
}

public function getCityOptions($scopes = null)
{
    if (!empty($scopes['country']->value)) {
        return City::whereIn('country_id', array_keys($scopes['country']->value))->lists('name', 'id');
    } else {
        return City::lists('name', 'id');
    }
}

NOTE: Only scope dependencies with type: group are supported at this point.

#Available scope types

These types can be used to determine how the filter scope should be displayed.

#Group scope

group - filters the list by a group of items, usually by a related model and requires a nameFrom or options definition. Eg: Status name as open, closed, etc.

status:
    label: Status
    type: group
    conditions: status in (:filtered)
    default:
        pending: Pending
        active: Active
    options:
        pending: Pending
        active: Active
        closed: Closed

#Checkbox scope

checkbox - used as a binary checkbox to apply a predefined condition or query to the list, either on or off. Use 0 for off and 1 for on for default value

published:
    label: Hide published
    type: checkbox
    default: 1
    conditions: is_published <> true

#Switch scope

switch - used as a switch to toggle between two predefined conditions or queries to the list, either indeterminate, on or off. Use 0 for off, 1 for indeterminate and 2 for on for default value

Using conditions:

approved:
    label: Approved
    type: switch
    default: 1
    conditions:
        - is_approved <> true
        - is_approved = true

Using a scope method:

approved:
    label: Approved
    type: switch
    default: 0
    scope: isApproved

public function scopeIsApproved($query, $state)
{
    return match ($state) {
        '0' => $query,
        '1' => $query->where('is_approved', false),
        '2' => $query->where('is_approved', true),
    }
}

#Date scope

date - displays a date picker for a single date to be selected. The values available to be used in the conditions property are:

• :filtered: The selected date formatted as Y-m-d
• :before: The selected date formatted as Y-m-d 00:00:00, converted from the backend timezone to the app timezone
• :after: The selected date formatted as Y-m-d 23:59:59, converted from the backend timezone to the app timezone

created_at:
    label: Date
    type: date
    minDate: '2001-01-23'
    maxDate: '2030-10-13'
    yearRange: 10
    conditions: created_at >= ':filtered'

#Date Range scope

daterange - displays a date picker for two dates to be selected as a date range. The values available to be used in the conditions property are:

• :before: The selected "before" date formatted as Y-m-d H:i:s
• :beforeDate: The selected "before" date formatted as Y-m-d
• :after: The selected "after" date formatted as Y-m-d H:i:s
• :afterDate: The selected "after" date formatted as Y-m-d

published_at:
    label: Date
    type: daterange
    minDate: '2001-01-23'
    maxDate: '2030-10-13'
    yearRange: 10
    conditions: created_at >= ':after' AND created_at <= ':before'

To use default value for Date and Date Range

myController::extendListFilterScopes(function($filter)
{
    $filter->addScopes([
        'Date Test' => [
            'label' => 'Date Test',
            'type' => 'daterange',
            'default' => $this->myDefaultTime(),
            'conditions' => "created_at >= ':after' AND created_at <= ':before'"
        ],
    ]);
});

// return value must be instance of carbon
public function myDefaultTime()
{
    return [
        0 => Carbon::parse('2012-02-02'),
        1 => Carbon::parse('2012-04-02'),
    ];
}

You may also wish to set ignoreTimezone: true to prevent a timezone conversion between the date that is displayed and the date stored in the database, since by default the backend timezone preference is applied to the display value.

published_at:
    label: Date
    type: daterange
    minDate: '2001-01-23'
    maxDate: '2030-10-13'
    yearRange: 10
    conditions: created_at >= ':after' AND created_at <= ':before'
    ignoreTimezone: true

NOTE: the ignoreTimezone option also applies to the date filter type as well.

#Number scope

number - displays input for a single number to be entered. The value is available to be used in the conditions property as :filtered.

The min and max options specify the minimum and maximum values that can be entered by the user. The step option specifies the stepping interval to use when adjusting the value with the up and down arrows.

age:
    label: Age
    type: number
    default: 14
    step: 1
    min: 0
    max: 1000
    conditions: age >= ':filtered'

NOTE: the step, min, and max options also apply to the numberrange filter type as well.

#Number Range scope

numberrange - displays inputs for two numbers to be entered as a number range. The values available to be used in the conditions property are:

• :min: The minimum value, defaults to -2147483647
• :max: The maximum value, defaults to 2147483647

You may leave either the minimum value blank to search everything up to the maximum value, and vice versa, you may leave the maximum value blank to search everything at least the minimum value.

visitors:
    label: Visitor Count
    type: numberrange
    default:
        0: 10
        1: 20
    conditions: visitors >= ':min' and visitors <= ':max'

#Text scope

text - display text input for a string to be entered. You can specify a size attribute that will be injected in the input size attribute (default: 10).

username:
    label: Username
    type: text
    conditions: username = :value
    size: 2

#Extending list behavior

Sometimes you may wish to modify the default list behavior and there are several ways you can do this.

• Overriding controller action
• Overriding views
• Extending column definitions
• Inject CSS row class
• Extending filter scopes
• Extending the model query
• Custom column types

#Overriding controller action

You can use your own logic for the index action method in the controller, then optionally call the List behavior index parent method.

public function index()
{
    //
    // Do any custom code here
    //

    // Call the ListController behavior index() method
    $this->asExtension('ListController')->index();
}

#Overriding views

The ListController behavior has a main container view that you may override by creating a special file named _list_container.php in your controller directory. The following example will add a sidebar to the list:

<?php if ($toolbar): ?>
    <?= $toolbar->render() ?>
<?php endif ?>

<?php if ($filter): ?>
    <?= $filter->render() ?>
<?php endif ?>

<div class="row row-flush">
    <div class="col-sm-3">
        [Insert sidebar here]
    </div>
    <div class="col-sm-9 list-with-sidebar">
        <?= $list->render() ?>
    </div>
</div>

The behavior will invoke a Lists widget that also contains numerous views that you may override. This is possible by specifying a customViewPath option as described in the list configuration options. The widget will look in this path for a view first, then fall back to the default location.

# Custom view path
customViewPath: $/acme/blog/controllers/reviews/list

NOTE: It is a good idea to use a sub-directory, for example list, to avoid conflicts.

For example, to modify the list body row markup, create a file called list/_list_body_row.php in your controller directory.

<tr>
    <?php foreach ($columns as $key => $column): ?>
        <td><?= $this->getColumnValue($record, $column) ?></td>
    <?php endforeach ?>
</tr>

#Extending column definitions

You can extend the columns of another controller from outside by calling the extendListColumns static method on the controller class. This method can take two arguments, $list will represent the Lists widget object and $model represents the model used by the list. Take this controller for example:

class Categories extends \Backend\Classes\Controller
{
    /**
     * @var array List of behaviors implemented by this controller
     */
    public $implement = [
        \Backend\Behaviors\ListController::class,
    ];
}

Using the extendListColumns method you can add extra columns to any list rendered by this controller. It is a good idea to check the $model is of the correct type. Here is an example:

Categories::extendListColumns(function($list, $model)
{
    if (!$model instanceof MyModel) {
        return;
    }

    $list->addColumns([
        'my_column' => [
            'label' => 'My Column'
        ]
    ]);

});

You can also extend the list columns internally by overriding the listExtendColumns method inside the controller class.

class Categories extends \Backend\Classes\Controller
{
    [...]

    public function listExtendColumns($list)
    {
        $list->addColumns([...]);
    }
}

The following methods are available on the $list object.

Each method takes an array of columns similar to the list column configuration.

#Inject CSS row class

You can inject a custom css row class by adding a listInjectRowClass method on the controller class. This method can take two arguments, $record will represent a single model record and $definition contains the name of the List widget definition. You can return any string value containing your row classes. These classes will be added to the row's HTML markup.

class Lessons extends \Backend\Classes\Controller
{
    [...]

    public function listInjectRowClass($lesson, $definition)
    {
        // Strike through past lessons
        if ($lesson->lesson_date->lt(Carbon::today())) {
            return 'strike';
        }
    }
}

A special CSS class nolink is available to force a row to be unclickable, even if the recordUrl or recordOnClick options are defined for the List widget. Returning this class in an event will allow you to make records unclickable - for example, for soft-deleted rows or for informational rows:

public function listInjectRowClass($record, $value)
{
    if ($record->trashed()) {
        return 'nolink';
    }
}

#Extending filter scopes

You can extend the filter scopes of another controller from outside by calling the extendListFilterScopes static method on the controller class. This method can take the argument $filter which will represent the Filter widget object. Take this controller for example:

Categories::extendListFilterScopes(function($filter) {
    // Add custom CSS classes to the Filter widget itself
    $filter->cssClasses = array_merge($filter->cssClasses, ['my', 'array', 'of', 'classes']);

    $filter->addScopes([
        'my_scope' => [
            'label' => 'My Filter Scope'
        ]
    ]);
});

The array of scopes provided is similar to the list filters configuration.

You can also extend the filter scopes internally to the controller class, simply override the listFilterExtendScopes method.

class Categories extends \Backend\Classes\Controller
{
    [...]

    public function listFilterExtendScopes($filter)
    {
        $filter->addScopes([...]);
    }
}

The following methods are available on the $filter object.

#Extending the model query

The lookup query for the list database model can be extended by overriding the listExtendQuery method inside the controller class. This example will ensure that soft deleted records are included in the list data, by applying the withTrashed scope to the query:

public function listExtendQuery($query)
{
    $query->withTrashed();
}

When dealing with multiple lists definitions in a same controller, you can use the second parameter of listExtendQuery which contains the name of the definition :

public $listConfig = [
    'inbox' => 'config_inbox_list.yaml',
    'trashed' => 'config_trashed_list.yaml'
];

public function listExtendQuery($query, $definition)
{
    if ($definition === 'trashed') {
        $query->onlyTrashed();
    }
}

The list filter model query can also be extended by overriding the listFilterExtendQuery method:

public function listFilterExtendQuery($query, $scope)
{
    if ($scope->scopeName == 'status') {
        $query->where('status', '<>', 'all');
    }
}

NOTE: In order to apply the limit() scope to the query you have to disable the default pagination behavior of the ListController to prevent it from overriding any changes to the query LIMIT. This can be done by setting recordsPerPage: 0 in your list definition configuration.

#Extending the records collection

The collection of records used by the list can be extended by overriding the listExtendRecords method inside the controller class. This example uses the sort method on the record collection to change the sort order of the records.

public function listExtendRecords($records)
{
    return $records->sort(function ($a, $b) {
        return $a->computedVal() > $b->computedVal();
    });
}

#Custom column types

Custom list column types can be registered in the backend with the registerListColumnTypes method of the Plugin registration class. The method should return an array where the key is the type name and the value is a callable function. The callable function receives three arguments, the native $value, the $column definition object and the model $record object.

public function registerListColumnTypes()
{
    return [
        // A local method, i.e $this->evalUppercaseListColumn()
        'uppercase' => [$this, 'evalUppercaseListColumn'],

        // Using an inline closure
        'loveit' => function($value) { return 'I love '. $value; }
    ];
}

public function evalUppercaseListColumn($value, $column, $record)
{
    return strtoupper($value);
}

Using the custom list column type is as simple as calling it by name using the type option.

# ===================================
#  List Column Definitions
# ===================================

columns:
    secret_code:
        label: Secret code
        type: uppercase